go

goverb

American /ɡoʊ/ British /ɡəʊ/
third-person singular goes past tense went past participle gone present participle going

Go is the basic word for moving away from where you are to another place, and it also covers leaving, working, passing, and changing into a new state.

  1. move or travelmove or travel from one place to another, away from where you are

    intransitive [I] verb + adverb or preposition [V + adv/prep] verb + preposition + object [V + prep + obj]

    Collocations

    verb + adverb go home, go abroad, go upstairs, go outside, go somewhere
    verb + preposition go to, go into, go across, go through, go by bus

    Synonyms travel (travel is for longer journeys)

    Antonyms stay; come

    Compare come (come is movement toward the speaker or the listener)

    1. ago somewhere in order to do an activity, or go regularly to a place such as school or work

      intransitive [I] verb + -ing form [V + -ing] verb + preposition + object [V + prep + obj]

      Collocations

      phrase go shopping, go swimming, go for a walk, go on a trip, go to school, go to bed

    For translators (sense 1)

    Meaning across languages Go is movement away from the speaker's place; come is movement toward the speaker or the listener. Languages that lack this line often use go where English needs come: I will come to your party.
    Grammar trap No preposition before home, there, abroad, or upstairs: go home. Activities take the -ing form with no to: go swimming, not go to swim. School, work, church, and bed take to with no article when the purpose is the usual one: go to school.
  2. leaveleave the place where you are

    intransitive [I]

    Collocations

    phrase have to go, time to go, ready to go

    Synonyms leave (leave can take an object: leave the house; go cannot); depart (depart is formal)

    Antonyms arrive

    1. adisappear, or be taken away, sold, or used up

      intransitive [I]

      Collocations

      phrase be gone, all gone, have to go
    2. bdie

      intransitive [I] euphemistic

    For translators (sense 2)

    Meaning across languages Go in the sense of leave stands alone, with no object, and the place is not named: I have to go. To name the place, use leave: I have to leave the office. Some languages use one verb for both.
  3. of a roadlead or stretch from one place to another, as a road, a path, or a wire does

    intransitive [I] verb + preposition + object [V + prep + obj] verb + adverb or preposition [V + adv/prep] not used in continuous tenses [no continuous]

    Collocations

    verb + preposition go to, go through, go along, go around, go from something to something

    Synonyms lead (lead to: this road leads to the coast); run (run is used the same way: the road runs north)

  4. workwork or run, as a machine, an engine, or a clock does

    intransitive [I]

    Collocations

    phrase get something going, keep something going, won't go

    Synonyms work; run (run is the usual word in American English for engines and machines)

  5. becomechange into a certain state, especially a bad one, or into a certain color

    linking [L] verb + adjective [V + adj]

    Collocations

    phrase go wrong, go bad, go crazy, go gray, go quiet, go blind

    Synonyms become

    Compare get (get is the everyday word for most changes: get tired, get old); turn (turn is used for colors and sudden changes: turn red, turn cold)

    1. aremain in a state, especially a bad one, or without something that is needed

      linking [L] verb + adjective [V + adj]

      Collocations

      phrase go hungry, go unnoticed, go unpunished, go unanswered

    For translators (sense 5)

    Meaning across languages Go plus an adjective is not a general word for become: it is used for changes for the worse, for loss of control, and for colors. A learner who uses go for every change (go happy, go rich) sounds wrong; get or become is the neutral choice.
  6. happen or develophappen or develop in a certain way

    intransitive [I] verb + adverb or preposition [V + adv/prep]

    Collocations

    verb + adverb go well, go badly, go smoothly, go fine
    phrase go according to plan, how's it going
  7. of timepass, as a period of time does

    intransitive [I]

    Collocations

    verb + adverb go fast, go quickly, go slowly

    Synonyms pass

  8. belong or fitbelong in a certain place, or fit into a space

    intransitive [I] verb + adverb or preposition [V + adv/prep] verb + preposition + object [V + prep + obj] not used in continuous tenses [no continuous]

    Collocations

    verb + preposition go in, go on, go under

    Synonyms belong; fit

    1. alook, taste, or sound good together or with something else

      intransitive [I] verb + preposition + object [V + prep + obj] verb + adverb or preposition [V + adv/prep]

      Collocations

      verb + preposition go with
      phrase go well together, go well with
  9. make a soundmake a certain sound

    intransitive [I]

    Collocations

    phrase go bang, go click, go pop, go beep
    1. asay, when telling what happened

      intransitive [I] verb + direct speech [V + speech] very informal

  10. be sold or spentbe sold or given to someone, or be spent on something

    intransitive [I] verb + preposition + object [V + prep + obj]

    Collocations

    verb + preposition go for, go to, go on, go toward
  11. of words or a tunehave a certain tune or certain words, as a song, a story, or a saying does

    intransitive [I] verb + that-clause [V + that]

    Collocations

    phrase how does it go, the story goes that, as the saying goes
  12. be going tointend to do something, or be expected to happen, judging by the present situation

    Only in the form be going to plus a verb, one of the most common ways to talk about the future in speech: it says either what someone intends (I'm going to call her tonight) or what the speaker can see coming (look at those clouds, it's going to rain). Was going to describes a plan that did not happen, and in relaxed speech going to is often said gonna.

    intransitive [I] verb + to-infinitive [V + to-inf]

    Compare will (will is for decisions made while speaking, offers, promises, and predictions based on belief; be going to is for plans already made and predictions based on what can already be seen)

    For translators (sense 12)

    Grammar trap Be going to is a fixed form: the verb after to is a base form, and going is not a verb of movement here. Learners sometimes drop be (I going to) or to (I'm going call).

Phrases

go without saying

be so obvious that it does not need to be said

Usually with it as the subject: it goes without saying that everyone is welcome.

go for it informal

decide to do something and try as hard as you can, without worrying about the risks

Often said to encourage someone who is unsure.

go all out informal

use all your effort or money to do something as well as possible

go too far

act in a way that is more than people can accept

go easy on someone informal

treat someone more gently or less strictly than you could

Go easy on something means not use too much of it: go easy on the salt.

go from bad to worse

become even worse than before

there you go informal

here is what you asked for, or that is right, or that is how things are

Said when you hand something to someone (there you go, one coffee), when someone does or says the right thing, or, with a shrug, when something cannot be helped. There you go again means you are doing the annoying thing you always do.

anything goes informal

everything is allowed and nothing is considered wrong

to go

still left before something ends or is reached

Two days to go means two days remain; three miles to go means three miles remain.

for here or to go American

asked in a restaurant to find out whether you will eat there or take the food away

A coffee to go is one you take with you; food or drink ordered to go is taken away and eaten or drunk somewhere else.

For translators (phrase)

Cultural background British English says takeaway (as a noun) or to take away (as a phrase) for the same idea.

here goes informal

used just before you try something difficult or dangerous

Said just before you begin something you are nervous about.

Word family

  • go (a try: have a go)
  • going
  • going (the going rate)
  • gone
  • go ahead
  • ongoing
  • outgoing
  • undergo
  • go getter

Choosing between go · come

Both are verbs of movement, and the direction decides between them. Go is movement away from where the speaker is: I'm going to the store. Come is movement toward the speaker, toward the listener, or to a place where the two will be together: come here; I'll come to your party; are you coming with us? For the same reason, has gone means is still away and has been means went and came back.

Usage

In speech, go is often followed by and plus another verb: go and see who it is. American English also uses the bare verb, go see, go get, but only after the base form go: went and saw, never went saw.

Common mistakes

I go to home at six. I go home at six.
Home is an adverb after go, so there is no to; other places take to: go to work, go to the office.
Let's go to shopping. Let's go shopping.
Activities take the -ing form after go, with no to: go swimming, go fishing.
I have gone to that restaurant many times. I have been to that restaurant many times.
Has gone means the person is still away; has been means they went and came back.

For translators

Meaning across languages Go is the general word for moving away from the speaker; come is toward. Beyond movement, go covers leaving, working (of machines), passing (of time), becoming (of bad changes), and the future (be going to). Most of these are separate words in other languages.
Grammar trap No preposition before home, there, abroad, or upstairs (go home). Activities take the -ing form (go shopping), not to plus a verb. The present perfect uses two verbs for a completed trip: has gone (still away); has been, using be not go, means went and returned. Be going to plus a base verb is the spoken future.
Pronunciation trap The vowel is the long o of no, a moving sound that ends with rounded lips. Goes rhymes with nose, and the past tense went is an unrelated form that must be learned. Gone rhymes with on in American English.