Repository path: workshop/experiments/E-20260816b-invented-figure/design.md · rendered 2026-09-09
Page metadata (front matter)
| type | experiment |
|---|---|
| id | E-20260816b-invented-figure |
| status | frozen |
| created | 2026-08-16 |
| updated | 2026-08-16 |
| senses | style-correspondence |
| internal-judgment-only | true |
| provisional | true |
| links | wiki/arms/ARM-answering-figure.md, wiki/findings/results/RS-20260816-answering-figure.md, workshop/experiments/E-20260816-answering-figure/design.md, workshop/translations/kalila-saih/R30-v1/translation.md, workshop/translations/kalila-nasik/R34-v1/translation.md, workshop/regimes/R34-ornamentalist.md, workshop/regimes/R35-membered-plain.md, framework/v0.2/README.md, config/models.md, config/budget.md |
E-20260816b — is it the sound or the members? and does an ornamentalist with words to spend become audible?
ARM-answering-figure step 2, the arm's last declared step. First frozen at fe1202b6;
amended at §4, §7, §8, §9, §11 and §12 on the pre-run critic's findings, before any body was
dispatched. Nothing changes after §11 is written.
1. What RS-20260816 left open, in two sentences
One. Thirteen invented sound devices, written at constant length, were heard by three blind seats at 0 of 13, and every one of them was necessarily a two-word pair, because a plain sentence with no spare words offers no matched members to hang a larger device on. §10.4 of that page named the consequence as a limit: a translator inventing ornament in the wild adds words, and this run therefore says nothing about supplied ornament as it actually occurs.
Two. Every affirmative source-inference in that run was justified by the seats in terms of
parallel structure, not sound — and three loci moved the inference without being heard as
conspicuous English sound at all. That reading is post hoc, is marked untested in
framework/v0.2 §7.12 item 3, and has never been given a chance to be wrong.
This design answers both on the same materials, in one sitting, with the same instrument.
2. The subject-rule sentence, and the wire
What this unit teaches about translating literature (wiki/tracks.md, continue-prompt.md
§4.5): it tells a translator whether the reader's sense that the original was doing something comes
from the sound the translator supplies or from the matched members the source already gave — and
whether an ornamentalist free to spend words can make invented ornament audible at all. The subject
is craft and what a translation transmits; no instrument, statistic or past figure of this project is
its subject. The instrument is reused verbatim precisely so that none of the session goes into it.
The wire between the limbs, in one sentence. The translation limb rendered a fresh Arabic chapter whole under a regime that licenses invented sound ornament and the words to carry it — the licence this design's decoy arm was denied last time — and measured what that hand costs and where it lands; the study limb takes the same licence back to the frozen base text and asks whether ornament written under it becomes audible, and whether the same members with the sound taken out do the work the post-hoc account credits them with.
3. Materials
| what | provenance | |
|---|---|---|
| base | T-kalila-saih-R30-v1, «باب السائح والصائغ» rendered whole under R30 sound-plain |
frozen bd87990, S191 |
R31 |
the compensation arm: one device at each of the 13 SITE loci | frozen d002893, S191 |
R32 |
the constant-length invention arm: one device at each of the 13 PLAIN loci | frozen d002893, S191 |
R34 |
new — the invention arm rebuilt with permission to add words and members | materials/invented.json |
R35 |
new — R34's de-sounded twin: the same additions, the same members, no chime |
materials/invented.json |
| controls | four third-party Q1 controls |
frozen, E-20260815 |
The locus set is inherited, not re-chosen. The 13 PLAIN loci are S191's, fixed there by a mechanical length-matching rule over the sentences the Arabic figure inventory does not touch. This design selects nothing. The 13 SITE loci are likewise S191's, fixed by the Arabic inventory frozen on the translation page before any English existed.
3.1 What the fresh chapter contributes, and what it does not
T-kalila-nasik-R34-v1 — «باب الناسك والضيف» rendered whole under R34, 287 Arabic words → 559
English, frozen at cf2dbb8f, contamination: none (0 shared 7-grams, longest run 5 tokens against
Knatchbull 1819, measured after the freeze). Its §4 census is the profile this design's R34 arm
is written against: 22 ornamented sites in 559 words, class mix 13 MAT / 8 REP / 1 RHY, word
cost +34 (6.1%, +1.55 per site), and the hand landed on some structure the source actually has at
14 of 22 sites and invented freely at 8.
It contributes no data to any number in this run. It is cited for one thing: it establishes that
the licence in R34 is a licence a hand actually takes, at a measurable rate, on continuous prose,
before that licence is exercised at declared loci here.
The arm is more generously funded than the wild hand was, deliberately. R34's cost here is
+52 words over 13 loci, +4.00 per locus, against the chapter's +1.55. Every locus here must be
manufactured, where the chapter's hand could take the free chances and skip the rest. The direction
is the conservative one for M1: if invented ornament is still inaudible when it is given more
than the natural allowance, the finding is stronger.
4. The arms, and the repair the pre-run critic forced
Four versions of each of the 13 PLAIN loci, differing at that locus and nowhere else:
| arm | net word cost over 13 loci | matched members added | sound |
|---|---|---|---|
base R30 |
0 | — | — |
R32 (S191) |
+13 — S191's rule was substitution only, no new member, not no word may change | no | yes — necessarily two-word pairs |
R34 new |
+52 | yes | yes |
R35 new |
+52 | yes, the same ones | no |
R35 is derived from R34, word for word, and is not written independently. That is the whole
repair. The critic's BLOCKING 1 on the first draft of this design was that two independently
written arms differ in propositions, member count and structure as well as in sound, so their
difference cannot be attributed to sound. It was right. In the frozen arms:
- both arms add the same material, recorded per locus in
common_addition, so every proposition either arm adds is added by both and cancels in theR34−R35contrast; - both arms have the same member count at every locus;
- both arms have the same word count at every locus (realised: +52 and +52, per-locus difference 0 at all thirteen);
- the two arms are token-identical except at at most four positions per locus — 15 differing token positions in total across all thirteen, one at eleven of them — and those positions are the ornamented slots.
R34 − R35 therefore isolates the sound, which is what the primary needs. R35 − base
isolates members plus the words that make them, which is a genuine confound and is declared in
§7 and §12 rather than denied: you cannot add a matched member without adding the words it is made
of.
What cells.py asserts before a single body is dispatched, exiting non-zero on any failure:
- A every base span occurs verbatim in the frozen
R30plain text; - B all four versions of every locus are pairwise distinct — this check fired during the build
and caught an
R34device that had reproduced S191'sR32wording exactly atP8; - C
R35's negative sound rule, over every content word of every declared member, not merely their first: no cross-member shared onset, no rhyme on final three graphemes, no shared digraph vowel nucleus, no shared stem, no shared derivational suffix, no member-internal alliteration, no chime between the members' final words, and every declared member present verbatim in theR35text; - D word-count equality between
R34andR35, tolerance 1, at every locus; - E locus spans pairwise non-overlapping and no PLAIN version inside a SITE span;
- F
R34andR35token-identical except at ≤ 4 positions per locus.
Two deliberate limits of check C, both of which the critic named and both of which are stated here
rather than discovered later. (i) It screens on digraph vowel nuclei only; a shared single
vowel letter is not evidence of a shared vowel sound in English orthography, and screening on it
produced false positives (rope/line, cured/borne). Single-vowel assonance is not machine
screened. (ii) It screens derivational suffixes only; -ed and -er are inflectional and sit on
almost every verb in past-tense narrative, so screening them would reject any two past-tense members.
The empirical backstop for both is q1(R35) measured by three blind seats, which is registered
in §7 and gated in §8.
The class multiset is preserved: 9 MAT, 2 REP, 2 RHY over the 13 PLAIN loci, identical to
R31 and R32. What changes in R34 is that a device may now be a multi-member parallel rather
than a two-word pair — the mechanism §6 of RS-20260816 identified as separating its audible four
from its inaudible nine.
Rule 1 of R34 binds both arms: no fact, event, referent or evaluation added, nothing dropped.
Because the added material is common to both arms, a residual violation of rule 1 damages the
base − R35 and base − R34 contrasts and cannot produce a R34 − R35 difference. The
common_addition field records what each locus adds, in words, so the residual can be judged.
5. The instrument, reused verbatim
Q1 and Q2 are imported from E-20260816/cells.py by import, not retyped, so a silent
divergence is impossible. Q1 was itself validated at E-20260815 and reused verbatim there.
Q1— does this English use conspicuous sound-patterning?Q2— judging from this English alone, was the original doing something conspicuous with sound here?
Four third-party Q1 controls, reused verbatim and unanimous on the expected code in both prior
sittings: POS (Dickens, Bleak House ch. 1, Y), NEG (Anderson, Winesburg, Ohio, N), ARCH
(KJV Genesis 22:3, N), ARCH+ (Morris, The House of the Wolfings, Y).
No new instrument is built in this session and no instrument question is this session's subject.
6. Seats, blinding, dispatch
Three seats, config/models.md: P1 openai/gpt-5.6-terra, P2 google/gemini-3.6-flash, P3
x-ai/grok-4.5. Temperature 0. One body per (cell, prompt, seat); judgment is not parallelised.
Every seat is blind to the Arabic, to the arm, to the locus class and to every other cell.
Dispatch order is a gate:
- the four
Q1instrument controls — aPOSorNEGfailure aborts the run; Q1on all 52 PLAIN cells —M1,F2,F3scored here;Q2on all 52 PLAIN cells — the primary;Q2on the 26 SITE cells — the anchor, bought last.
402 bodies. Append-and-resume to run.jsonl (note (bnx)). A body whose finish_reason is
not stop, or whose first character is not Y/N, is re-dispatched once; a body failing twice is
re-dispatched with an explicit reasoning cap (note (bnl)) and flagged on its stored row.
7. Registered quantities and their bars
Every quantity below is computed from THIS run's run.jsonl and from nothing else. S191 figures
appear only in the right-hand column and are historical context, not a contemporaneous control;
no bar is defined against them. q1(R31) at the PLAIN loci does not exist in either sitting and is
never used.
Notation: q1(arm) and q2(arm) are the number of the 13 PLAIN loci at which the majority of
three seats answers Y; q2site(arm) is the same over the 13 SITE loci.
| id | question | registered bar | S191, context only |
|---|---|---|---|
P1 |
THE PRIMARY — does the sound do anything, given the members? Δsound = (q2(R34) − q2(R35))/13, on two arms that are token-identical but for the ornamented slots |
\|Δsound\| ≤ 0.15 → the supplied sound carries nothing the members were not already carrying, and §7.12 item 3's structural account survives its first real test; Δsound ≥ +0.25 → the sound carries beyond the structure and item 3 must be rewritten; between → indeterminate, printed and licensing nothing |
— |
P2 |
do the added matched members raise the source-inference at all? lift35 = (q2(R35) − q2(base))/13 |
lift35 ≥ +0.30 → members without sound move it; ≤ +0.10 → they do not, and the structural account is refuted at this dose; between → indeterminate. Confounded by construction: the members bring their own words (§12.4) |
q2(R32) = 1 of 13 |
M1 |
the arm's declared step — does the licence to add words and members make invented ornament audible as sound? q1(R34) against q1(base) in the same sitting |
q1(R34) ≥ 7 → audible; ≤ 3 → not audible; 4–6 → indeterminate. M1 does not isolate the licence — R34 differs from R32 in words, members and diction at once — and no causal attribution to word-licence alone is registered or will be made |
q1(R32) = 0 of 13 |
M2 |
is the sound manipulation audible as sound at all? q1(R34) − q1(R35) |
q1(R34) > q1(R35) required for P1 to be readable (§8 F3) |
— |
P3 |
does invention with full licence reach the compensation arm, measured in this sitting? q2(R34) against q2site(R31), both from stage 3 and stage 4 of this run |
\|q2(R34) − q2site(R31)\|/13 ≤ 0.15 → indistinguishable; (q2site(R31) − q2(R34))/13 ≥ 0.25 → placement still separates them. The conclusion is stated as a Q2 comparison and nothing broader |
q2site(R31) = 7 of 13 |
P4 |
in-sitting replication of S191's cells that are re-dispatched here | q1(R32) ≤ 1, q2(R32) ≤ 2, q2site(base) ≤ 3. Reported as a replication, descriptively; no bar here gates anything |
0, 1, 2 |
The registered expectation, written down before the run so it can fail. The structural account
predicts P1 near zero, P2 high, M1 low. A device-quality account — the explanation
RS-20260816 could not exclude — predicts the opposite on both of the first two: what the seats
respond to is the sound a hand supplies, so P1 large and P2 near zero. The two accounts are
opposed on the primary, which is why this design is worth its money.
8. Manipulation checks and failure criteria
No gate below is moved after the run.
| id | check | consequence of failure |
|---|---|---|
F1 |
Q1 controls POS and NEG unanimous on the expected code |
abort before stage 2 |
F1b |
ARCH and ARCH+ unanimous |
every rate withheld; the census still printed, as at S191 |
F2 |
q1(base) over the 13 PLAIN loci ≤ 2 |
every Q1-dependent claim withheld; M1 unreadable |
F3 |
q1(R34) > q1(R35) — the sound manipulation landed as heard |
P1 is withheld. If the two arms are equally audible as sound, the slots did not carry the manipulation and their Q2 difference cannot be read as a sound effect |
F4 |
Q2 seat unanimity ≥ 0.60 over its cells |
every Q2 rate withheld |
F5 |
invalid bodies ≤ 5% after the re-dispatch ladder | the run is reported unusable |
F6 |
missing cells — if the stop-loss halts the run, or any cell is unfilled for an operational reason, every rate computed over an incomplete arm is withheld and the arm is reported as partial. Operational failure is never reported as a substantive result | — |
q1(R35) is a measurement, not a gate on its own. Q1 asks about conspicuous
sound-patterning, and a seat may reasonably code a repeated syntactic frame as patterning. If
q1(R35) comes back high, that is a finding about what the instrument hears, reported as such;
what it must not do is exceed q1(R34), which is F3.
9. Analysis
Fixed here, computed by verify.py, which recomputes every reported figure from run.jsonl
independently of analyse.py.
- Cell code = majority of the three seats' first characters.
- Rates as in §7; body-level rates (39 ratings per arm) printed alongside every locus-level rate.
- Exact sign-flip enumeration over the 13 matched pairs, 2^13 = 8,192 arrangements,
enumerated exhaustively, for
P1,P2andM1. This number is reported as a descriptive randomisation score and is not called a frequentist P-value for a causal claim. The critic's objection is accepted in full: the loci are authored, not randomly assigned; the seats are three fixed models at temperature 0, not a sample of readers; arm labels are not exchangeable under a null in the way a permutation test assumes. The score says how extreme the observed split is among the 8,192 relabellings of these thirteen pairs, and nothing about a population. - Seat agreement: mean pairwise agreement and unanimity fraction, per prompt.
- Pre-declared subsets, each printed with its
nand each underpowered: by device class (MAT9 /REP2 /RHY2) and stratum (frame 2 / narrative 11). No claim rests on a subset. - Free-text reasons stored and read; any reading of them labelled POST HOC.
10. Cost
Pre-flight built from the max_tokens cap the request permits — note (abc).
| stage | seat | bodies | cap | worst case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre-run critic, two calls, both spent | P1 |
2 | 9,000 / 5,000 | $0.096722 actual |
| the census | P1 |
134 | 400 | $0.369 |
P2 |
134 | 1,400 | $0.738 | |
P3 |
134 | 800 | $0.737 | |
| re-dispatch ladder | — | ≤ 10% | — | +$0.184 (note (boe)) |
| declared ceiling | 404 | $2.40 |
Expected, from S191's realised $0.00262 per body on the same three seats: ≈ $1.13. run.py
carries a stop-loss at $2.40. Budget position: UTC day 2026-08-16 opens at $0.00 of
$5.00. Per-request billed cost is the ledger and is exact; no key-usage delta is reported as a
cross-check — note (bof).
11. Pre-run critic — verdict NEEDS REDESIGN, 22 findings, 13 BLOCKING, all 22 accepted
One call, P1 openai/gpt-5.6-terra, $0.065025, finish_reason: stop, shown the frozen design
and every locus of both new arms beside the frozen base wording and beside S191's R32. Raw output
in critic.json. A second, focused call was then made on the rebuilt arms alone, recorded in
§11.2.
11.1 The findings that changed the design
| # | severity | finding | disposition |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BLOCKING |
the R34–R35 contrast does not isolate sound: the arms differ in semantic material, member count, rhetorical form and, at several loci, word count. "Same class multiset" is not equivalence of the manipulation |
ACCEPTED, and it is the reason this design was rebuilt. R35 is now derived from R34 word for word: same additions, same members, same word count at every locus, ≤ 4 differing token positions. §4 |
| 2 | BLOCKING |
rule 1 is violated repeatedly — the additions add actions, states, attributes, temporal and legal facts, not restatements; and the added_material field records additions without establishing equivalence |
ACCEPTED. Every added proposition is now common to both arms and recorded in common_addition, so a residual violation cannot generate a primary effect. §4 last paragraph. The critic's demand for an independent proposition audit is not met and is carried as a limit, §12.7 |
| 3–14 | BLOCKING ×11, MAJOR ×1 |
locus-by-locus audit: P2 different facts and a register-marked simian in one arm only · P3 befit/is not owed are three different claims · P4 two falls versus a lying-down · P5 holds them yet is a new fact · P6 two different intensifications, and weighed/gave assonate · P7 fair fruit and fine is elliptical and changes good · P8 an incomplete the chief assertion · P9 quick to climb is a new attribute and assonates with light · P10 both arms add different experiential material · P11 no hearing adds a legal fact · P12 the best of food adds an evaluation, wait a while alliterates internally · P13 a man genders the referent, confidence/close chime · P14 laced is a new action, down/wound chime |
ACCEPTED at every locus. All thirteen were rewritten. The rebuilt arms are in materials/invented.json; the specific chimes the critic heard (wait a while, weighed/gave, light/climb, confidence/close, down/wound) are gone with the wordings that carried them |
| 15 | MAJOR |
the "no sound" claim is false as a claim about English reading even when cells.py passes: the screen missed internal alliteration, medial vowel echo, contextual echo and repeated function-word rhythm |
ACCEPTED. Check C now screens every content word of every member, adds member-internal alliteration, member-final chime and a digraph-nucleus test, and the two limits that remain are printed in §4 rather than left implicit. The critic's proposed blind phonological panel is not run; the registered q1(R35) measurement and F3 are the empirical substitute, and §12.6 says so |
| 16 | BLOCKING |
F3 could fail because the structural manipulation is salient, not because R35 contains sound |
ACCEPTED, and the gate is inverted. q1(R35) is now a measurement; the gate is q1(R34) > q1(R35). Because the two arms carry identical parallelism, any Q1 difference between them is sound and not structure. §8 |
| 17 | BLOCKING |
M1's absolute bar cannot establish that the word-licence makes ornament audible: R34 varies words, members and diction at once |
ACCEPTED. M1's row now states in the design that it does not isolate the licence and that no causal attribution to word-licence alone is registered. §7 |
| 18 | BLOCKING |
P1 as first drafted did not test "structure alone", because R35 carried its own semantic and rhetorical changes |
ACCEPTED, and the primary was replaced. The primary is now R34 − R35, the one contrast in which everything but sound is held identical. The old primary survives as P2 with its confound declared |
| 19 | MAJOR |
the statistical language overstates what a sign-flip calculation supports | ACCEPTED in full. §9.3 now reports it as a descriptive randomisation score and refuses the frequentist reading in the design's own words |
| 20 | MAJOR |
P2/P3 contain unsupported equivalence and interpretation leaps; no outcome assigned to Δ below −0.15; P3's conclusion overreaches |
ACCEPTED. Bars are now symmetric with a named indeterminate band, and P3's conclusion is narrowed to the Q2 comparison |
| 21 | MAJOR |
historical and current measurements are ambiguously mixed | ACCEPTED. §7's header now states that every registered quantity comes from this run's run.jsonl; S191 figures are labelled context; P3 uses only stage-4 cells; q1(R31) is named as nonexistent and unused |
| 22 | MAJOR |
gates can fire for operational rather than substantive reasons, with no missing-data rule | ACCEPTED in part. F6 is new and separates operational failure from instrument failure. A same-sitting Q2 positive control is NOT added — building one is instrument work and the subject rule forbids it as a unit — and §12.6 carries the consequence |
| — | MINOR ×2 |
§4/§12 inconsistency on the negative rule's scope; R32 mislabelled "0 words added by construction (+13)" |
ACCEPTED. §4's table now states R32's rule correctly (substitution only, no new member) with its realised +13 |
11.2 The second, focused call — verdict RUN WITH AMENDMENTS
P1, $0.031697, finish_reason: stop, shown only the rebuilt arms beside the base wording
and asked three questions: does any locus differ in meaning, member count or structure rather than
sound; is any R35 locus audibly patterned to an English ear; is any R34 device absent or too
faint. Raw output in critic2.json. Fourteen findings. Six accepted with rewrites, six refused on
a mechanical ground, one accepted as an irreducible limit, one accepted as a description error.
Accepted, and the locus rewritten — the arms now differ at 15 token positions in total across thirteen loci, down from 22:
| locus | finding | what changed |
|---|---|---|
P2 |
sank it low is not a normal way to say dug it deep | → sank it deep; now one word differs between the arms, and sink a shaft deep is ordinary English |
P5 |
murderer / thief adds criminal and intentional implication that slayer / seizer does not | both arms rebuilt on the killer and the keeper / the killer and the **holder; one word differs |
P7 |
fresh and fair ≠ ripe and sound, and R35's sound … set alliterates |
→ fresh and fair / fresh and **choice; one word differs, and the sound/set chime is gone |
P8 |
less grateful ≠ base: ingratitude and baseness are different charges | → no man less grateful / no man less **beholden; one word differs |
P9 |
R35's cord … caught and line … light alliterate — chimes R34 does not have, i.e. the manipulation running backwards |
the three-way was cut to a two-way: let the rope down / let the cable down, one word differing, second and third mentions left as the base's pronoun |
P2 |
R34's device is not a three-member chain; it is two cola with a repeated verb |
description corrected in r34_device; a factual error about the design's own materials |
Refused, on a ground that cells.py check F makes mechanical rather than rhetorical. The critic
flagged R35 as audibly patterned at P3 (where it does not repeated), P4 (down / ground),
P11 (no … no), P13 (after … after), and as carrying minor echoes at P2 (pit / it) and
P8 (mankind / man). Every one of these strings is present, unchanged, in R34 at the same
locus — check F asserts the two arms are token-identical outside ≤ 4 slots per locus, and none of
these words is in a slot. A chime common to both arms cannot produce a difference between them. It
can inflate q1(R35) in absolute terms, which is exactly why §8 makes q1(R35) a measurement
and the gate a comparison.
Accepted as an irreducible limit, not repaired. The critic's general prescription — use
genuinely equivalent wording, not merely same-length near-synonyms — cannot be met: in English,
genuinely equivalent wording is the same wording, which has the same sound. Every de-sounded
twin must substitute a near-synonym, and near-synonyms differ in sense. This is a property of the
manipulation, not of this execution, and it is carried to §12.11 as a limit rather than argued away.
P13's test / proof is refused on the facts: after trial and after proof is a fixed English
doublet in which proof means the act of proving, the sense the critic assigns to test.
A screen change the second pass forced. The comparative degree words (less, least, more,
most, than, nothing) are now treated as part of the shared frame rather than as content, since
they sit in both arms at every locus where they occur; without that, check C rejected P8 for a
less / less echo that R34 has identically.
12. What this design cannot do, written before it is run
- One work, one chapter, one hand, one language pair.
n= 13 per arm. A locus-level rate moves in steps of 1/13.- One hand wrote
R34andR35knowing the hypothesis. The token-level twinning, the word count equality, the machine-checked negative rule andF3are the defences. They are much stronger than S191's and they are not a randomised assignment. P2is confounded by construction. Matched members cannot be added without adding the words they are made of, soR35− base measures members plus their words, never members alone. No design that adds members escapes this; it is named, not solved.R35cannot remove the shared syntactic frame, because the frame is the parallelism.- The
R35"no sound" property is screened, not certified. Single-vowel assonance is not machine-screened, no blind phonological panel was run, andQ2still has no same-sitting positive control of its own — the last because building one would be instrument work. - No independent proposition audit was run on the common additions. They are recorded per
locus so a later reader can judge them, and they are common to both arms, which bounds the damage
to
P2andM1and leaves the primary untouched. - Seats are models, not readers.
Q1measures conspicuity only. Nothing here says any device in any arm is good English, and nothing here recommends writing likeR34. - The jury is not calibrated (
config/models.md, Tier D NOT PASSED). Every claim isprovisionalandinternal-judgment-only. - S191's published Victorian panel is not re-bought and is cited as context, never as this run's evidence.
- Exact synonymy does not exist, so a de-sounded twin is never a pure sound manipulation. At
every locus
R35substitutes a near-synonym, and near-synonyms differ in sense. The residual semantic difference is one word at eleven of thirteen loci and two at the other two, it was written to noQ2prediction, and its direction is not predictable — but it is real, the pre-run critic named it at five loci, and no design that removes a sound can avoid it.